Basic institutions of criminal procedure

This comparative study explores the basic institutions of criminal procedure in Bangladesh, Hungary, Iran, and Vietnam. By examining the legal sources, procedural stages, and core principles of each country's criminal justice system, the book highlights both historical roots and modern reforms in these diverse jurisdictions. Bangladesh's framework reflects colonial legacies and evolving challenges such as judicial independence and double criminalization. Hungary's codified system emphasizes the presumption of innocence, fair trial rights, and the division of procedural roles. Iran's criminal procedure combines Islamic jurisprudence with statutory laws, emphasizing due process and protections against torture. Vietnam's inquisitorial system incorporates both socialist and adversarial elements, with a clear structure across investigation, prosecution, and adjudication. The work offers a nuanced comparative perspective, aiding scholars and practitioners in understanding how legal traditions and contemporary developments shape criminal procedure across legal cultures.