Introduction to data analysis in geography

Geographic data analysis is essential for understanding the spatial dynamics influencing our environment. This book explores the methods, techniques and applications of this discipline, while addressing ethical issues and future innovations. Tools such as ArcGIS and QGIS, as well as advances in Big Data and artificial intelligence, are transforming our ability to extract relevant information.The book examines fundamental concepts of geographic data, descriptive and inferential statistical methods, and spatial analysis through indices such as Moran and Getis-Ord. Interpolation techniques, kriging and geographic information systems (GIS) are also covered.Practical applications of data analysis in geography are illustrated by case studies on urban planning, the environment and mobility. Finally, the book discusses the challenges of data analysis, such as ethical issues and data quality, while emphasizing the importance of a responsible and collaborative approach to sustainable development.