2026-2027 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 2: Fundamentals Principles of Ophthalmology

Ophthalmic science is examined in a section that reviews ocular anatomy, embryology, metabolism, and pharmacology while exploring biosimilars, drug penetration, and pediatric dosing. Expanded insights cover VEGF inhibition, CRISPR genetics, and AI-driven digital ophthalmology, enriched by videos, animations, and interactive activities. Section 2 of the Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ (BCSC®) provides the essential scientific grounding for current ophthalmic practice with discussions about ocular anatomy, embryology, biochemistry and metabolism in the eye, and ocular pharmacology. BCSC Section 2 features clinical content on biosimilar drugs, ocular penetration of systemically administered antimicrobial agents, and pediatric dosing. This section contains Clinical Pearl and content boxes that emphasize essential concepts. This section includes expanded clinical content on ophthalmic drug delivery, ophthalmic preservatives, and growth factors, a section dedicated to VEGF and VEGF inhibitors, and an expanded table on immunomodulatory therapy. Section 2 includes an updated genetics section with expanded knowledge on CRISPR and pedigree analysis, and an expanded chapter on digital ophthalmology with a focus on artificial intelligence. Deepen your understanding with eight clinical videos, five animations, and five interactive activities. Both print and eBook users can access videos and interactive activities. About the BCSC The Academy’s Basic and Clinical Science Course™ is ophthalmology’s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care.