Assessment of Cardiometabolic Risk

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) refers to risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes or suffering a cardiovascular event. Modifiable biological risk factors include obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Non-modifiable biological risk factors include age, sex, family history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, ethnicity, and race. Environmental or behavioral risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, socioeconomic status, and urbanization of the living environment. Emerging risk markers are low-grade inflammation and homocysteinemia. Early screening for CVD risk factors through the combination of traditional risk calculators and metabolic syndrome risk factors will help identify individuals at high risk. Adopting a healthy lifestyle will improve the CVD risk profile and prevent future associated complications.