Autism Spectrum Disorder in Pediatric Dentistry

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by impaired social interaction, communication difficulties & repetitive behaviors. Children with ASD pose unique challenges in pediatric dentistry due to behavioral, sensory & communication limitations. They often have increased risk of dental caries and periodontal disease because of poor oral hygiene, dependence on caregivers, selective diets & medication-induced dry mouth. Dental visits are frequently delayed, resulting in greater treatment needs. Behavior management is challenging as affected children may exhibit anxiety, poor eye contact and difficulty following instructions. Sensory hypersensitivity to light, sound, taste, and touch can increase stress during dental procedures. Hence, dental treatment requires environmental modification, use of visual aids, structured appointments & gradual desensitization. Parental involvement is essential in maintaining oral hygiene and preparing children for dental care. By integrating current evidence with practical recommendations, this work advocates for preventive, patient-centered and multidisciplinary approaches to improve oral health.