Between Ideals and Reality

This book examines the compiled letters of Barsanuphius and John, each a respected holy man, analyzing both their view of charity (giving gifts, welcoming strangers, and caring for the sick) and investigating the relationship between social inferiors, wealth and benefactors. Against the geographical, socioeconomic, intellectual and religious background of the city of Gaza during Late Antiquity, it investigates the spiritual guidance provided by the Gazan holy men in relation to giving gifts to the poor, entertaining strangers, and caring for sick laymen and monks. While Barsanuphius and John suggest an ideal guideline regarding charity, they also offer realistic advice to their lay and monastic disciples on the basis of their personal circumstances. They consider not only the beneficiaries, but also the benefactors, offering spiritual direction with a view to their spiritual and ascetic wellbeing. This style of spiritual direction is related to their self-understanding as spiritual fathers, meditators and intercessors, as well as defenders of the faith and their disciples.