BEYOND OWNERSHIP: Reimagining Space Law through the Principles of Common Concern Humankind and Heritage Mankind

The twenty-first century marks a turning point in humanity's engagement with outer space. What was once the exclusive domain of state-led exploration has now become a dynamic arena where governments, private corporations, and international organizations converge. With technological advances making space activities more affordable and accessible, commercialization is expanding rapidly-from satellite mega-constellations and lunar exploration to proposed asteroid mining and planetary colonization. This transformation promises innovation and growth but also raises profound legal, environmental, and ethical questions.This book, Commercial Use of Space: Towards a Fair Balance in Terms of Common Heritage of Mankind and Common Concern of Humankind Principles, provides a comprehensive study of these emerging challenges. It argues that the regulation of outer space must be guided by two foundational international law principles: the Common Heritage of Mankind (CHM) and the Common Concern of Humankind (CCH). Together, these principles offer a framework for balancing commercial ambitions with collective rights, sustainability, and intergenerational justice.