British Bureaucracy in India:

Officials championed the status quo not so much because of ideology but because of the brittle relationship between themselves and various Indian classes. This book examines two key topics hitherto ignored by historians—the self-image of the British I.C.S. and the contribution of British officers to Imperial policies. The human motivations of those involved at all levels of decision-making receive attention, especially Lieutenant-Governors, Members of Council, and Secretaries of various departments. Careful analysis of public and private papers shows that these motivations often were mundane, self-serving and career-oriented. Human factors, not over-arching principles, helped shape British action in India. The historical image of the I.C.S. contrasts sharply with idealized and romantic views of the ‘steel frame’ perpetuated both by laymen and historians. Concern with status among I.C.S. officers decisively impended adminis­trative and political reforms.