Catherine the Great Empress of Russia Crimea

Dr Amrit Rattan K Baidwan Macfarland presents her research in diplomatic processes, protocols used in foreign affairs and international relations, in peace and war jurisdictions several in the world as currently transpiring. The Russian Ukraine conflict is unraveled using legal and scientific instruments as diplomatic, and the legal basis for the same, under the five prior presidents of Ukraine; the impact of coercive sanctions as a tool of deterrence is analyzed in some depth. A comparative analysis is also made of Russia's performance as an intervening force in both Syria and in Ukraine, with special reference to the Minsk protocols, its articles on Crimea and latterly on Donbas, and the double referenda held in 2022. Peace initiatives as launched by Italy Rome, and China are also briefly discussed that may resolve the conflict and bring an end to the conflict coined primarily as a border dispute, between the two and the five powers engaged in Ukraine.