China's Population: Development, Trends, and Data Insights

Using the 2024 China National Statistical Yearbook (14 core population tables, 1949-2023 national data, 2014-2023 provincial data) and supplementary sources like the 2023 China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook, it applies methods including descriptive statistics, Apriori-based association rule mining, K-means clustering, cohort component method, and ARIMA model.Key research covers: constructing a standardized population database via data preprocessing; analyzing multi-dimensional population characteristics (size contraction since 2022, deepening aging, rising urbanization, uneven regional mobility, improved quality); predicting 2030-2050 trends under 4 scenarios (baseline, fertility stimulation, etc.); exploring population-socioeconomic interactions (aging's impact on endowment insurance, labor shrinkage's constraint on manufacturing); and proposing region-specific policies (e.g., "Population Return Incentive Program" for Northeast China).The study holds theoretical value in advancing population economics theories and practical significance in supporting China's high-quality population-driven modernization.