Clean Water Management in Supporting Environmental Resilience

Evidence in the field indicates that access to clean water in Indonesia is beset by numerous challenges, adversely affecting human survival due to diminishing availability. Clean water management still faces unresolved institutional challenges, particularly concerning the division of authority between the central and regional governments, which is not yet fully harmonized. The dominance of economic efficiency approaches through partnerships with the private sector results in weak oversight mechanisms and public involvement, thus not supporting inclusive and sustainable water governance. Then, pressure on water resources is increasing due to climate change and disparities in responsiveness between regions, making conservation a strategic necessity. Regulations have established conservation principles, but technical issues, coordination, and budget constraints still hinder their implementation.