Climate Change, Ecology, and Political Instability in Iraq (2007 2015)

The consequences of ecological insecurity and climate change are apparent in all parts of the economic, social, and political domains globally, emphasizing their standing as a transboundary issue. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) states that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), is undergoing a noteworthy rise in temperature that has passed 1.5 °C over the past three decades. This surge in temperature resulted in various environmental obstacles that have seriously altered the region's social and economic security and prosperity. It has caused human casualties and resources damage reaching up to forty billion dollars. Environmental insecurity is specifically damaging politically fragile and unstable countries, for research shows that climate change and its consequences are interrelated with political unrest. This book will argue that ecological insecurity and climate change are a threat multiplier that exacerbates political instability. This argument will be examined and elaborated on through the case of Iraq from 2007 to 2015, which is the period after the evacuation of the US troops.