Dental Caries in Adolescence:Current Concepts and Clinical Perspective

Adolescence (10-19 years) is a high-risk period for dental caries due to hormonal changes, eruption of permanent teeth, increased independence, frequent consumption of sugary foods and beverages, poor oral hygiene, orthodontic treatment, and socioeconomic influences. Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial disease caused by an imbalance between demineralization and remineralization, leading to progressive destruction of dental hard tissues.Modern management focuses on early diagnosis, caries risk assessment, prevention, and minimally invasive dentistry. Preventive measures include fluoride therapy, pit and fissure sealants, dietary counselling, effective plaque control, and regular dental visits. Early lesions can be arrested through remineralization, while advanced lesions require conservative restorative treatment. A risk-based, patient-centred approach is essential for maintaining long-term oral health in adolescents.