Effective Carbon Rates 2025

As part of the OECD series on Carbon Pricing and Energy Taxation, the report Effective Carbon Rates 2025: Recent Trends in Taxes on Energy Use and Carbon Pricing presents information on how countries are using carbon taxes, emissions trading systems and fuel excise taxes. This edition provides detailed and comprehensive 2023 data, with selected updates through 2025 and places particular emphasis on emissions trading systems. Covering 79 countries that together account for 82% of global greenhouse gas emissions, the report takes stock of recent policy developments, offering policymakers, stakeholders and analysts a reliable point of reference and a basis for policy reform enquiries.