Endodontic Microbiology

Endodontic microbiology is a crucial aspect of endodontics that focuses on the microorganisms responsible for pulpal and periapical diseases. This book explores the complex microbial ecosystem within the root canal system, emphasizing the role of bacteria, fungi, and, occasionally, viruses in the initiation and progression of endodontic infections. The microbial invasion of the dental pulp, primarily through caries, cracks, or trauma, leads to pulpal inflammation, necrosis, and periapical pathology. Special attention is given to the classification of endodontic infections as primary, secondary, and persistent, along with the identification of common microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Candida albicans. The summary also reviews modern diagnostic tools, including molecular methods like PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing, which have expanded our understanding of the root canal microbiota beyond traditional culture techniques. Furthermore, the book discusses the principles of microbial control in endodontic therapy, including chemomechanical preparation, the use of irrigants, intracanal medicaments.