Endodontic Microsurgery: A Comprehensive Review of Contemporary Concepts and Clinical Practice

The evolution from conventional endodontic surgery to endodontic microsurgery has significantly expanded the therapeutic options available for managing complex endodontic conditions. Endodontic microsurgery represents a major advancement in surgical endodontics, combining enhanced magnification and illumination with specialized microsurgical techniques. The operating microscope has improved diagnostic accuracy, surgical precision, and treatment predictability, enabling clinicians to manage complex endodontic cases more effectively. A minimally invasive approach, coupled with modern instruments and biocompatible materials, promotes tissue preservation, reduced postoperative discomfort, and faster healing. These technological innovations have transformed endodontic surgery into a highly predictable and successful treatment modality, improving long-term clinical outcomes and the preservation of natural dentition.