Environmental Biotechnology: Principles, Processes, Technologies and Sustainable Applications

This book presents environmental biotechnology as a systems-oriented discipline integrating microbial science, engineering, molecular technologies, and sustainability principles. It examines bioremediation of organic pollutants, xenobiotics, heavy metals, and metalloids, alongside biological treatment of water, wastewater, and organic wastes, with emphasis on resource recovery and waste valorization. The book further addresses immobilized enzymes, nanobiotechnology, biosensors, molecular monitoring, metagenomics, synthetic biology, and microbial engineering, highlighting their roles in environmental protection and resource management. Climate-change mitigation, sustainable agriculture, and circular bioeconomy are considered alongside life-cycle assessment, techno-economic evaluation, risk, and biosafety. The text emphasizes scalability, reproducibility, resource efficiency, environmental compatibility, and responsible deployment, providing a framework for translating biological innovations into robust environmental applications.