FIXATION SYSTEMS IN OMFS

This work reviews fixation systems in oral and maxillofacial surgery, outlining the transition from intermaxillary fixation (IMF) to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Miniplate osteosynthesis is highlighted as the gold standard for providing stable fixation with minimal tissue injury, early functional restoration, and improved aesthetic outcomes. Fracture healing is explained as either indirect, involving callus formation with micromotion, or direct, achieved through rigid fixation without callus, stressing the importance of stability and accurate anatomical reduction. The influence of facial skeletal anatomy and biomechanics on ideal fixation placement, particularly along tension zones and buttresses, is discussed. Common fracture types such as Le Fort, zygomatic, orbital, and mandibular fractures are reviewed with their clinical relevance. The dissertation also compares load bearing and load-sharing osteosynthesis, including their principles and indications. Advances like locking plates, bioresorbable systems, and 3D technologies highlight a shift toward minimally invasive and biologically compatible and functionally efficient approaches.