Full Endoscopic Spinal Surgery: Visualized trephine assisted system

This book illustrates the diagnostic and therapeutic approach, surgical procedure selection, and operative steps of common spinal degenerative disorders. Firstly, the fundamental principles of surgical spinal endoscopy are introduced, including development, spinal anatomy, radiological parameters, commonly used spinal assessment scales, and the natural history of various degenerative spinal diseases. Then diagnosis, treatment strategies, surgical techniques, and prognostic outcomes of spinal degenerative disorders are presented, accompanied by typical cases, medical illustrations, and intraoperative endoscopic videos on lumbar transforaminal, lumbar interlaminar, thoracic transforaminal, thoracic interlaminar, cervical endoscopic techniques, and lumbar endoscopic fusion techniques. It will be a helpful reference for aiding readers in rapidly mastering the relevant anatomy and techniques of full-spine endoscopic surgery.