Fundamentals of Organic Photovoltaics

Organic solar cells (OSCs) are emerging photovoltaic technologies offering light weight properties, flexibility, low-cost fabrication, and large-area processing compatibility. This book provides a comprehensive overview of organic photovoltaics, covering fundamentals, materials, architectures, operating mechanisms, and recent advances, tracking the evolution from first-generation silicon to third-generation organic and hybrid systems.The physics of organic semiconductors is detailed, including electronic structures, charge transport, and donor-acceptor interactions. Various device architectures single-layer, planar heterojunction, bulk heterojunction, and tandem cells are analyzed through key mechanisms: exciton generation, diffusion, dissociation, and charge collection.Key performance metrics (Voc, Jsc, FF, PCE, and EQE) are reviewed alongside functional materials for active layers, transport layers, and electrodes. Finally, scalability and stability challenges (degradation, spin coating, slot-die, and roll-to-roll printing) are discussed along side next-generation applications in IoT and wearable electronics.