Green Synthesis of Functional Materials for Sustainable Dye- Sensitized Solar Cells: Materials, Nanotechnology, and Photovoltaic Applications

The growing demand for clean and sustainable energy has accelerated the development of environmentally friendly materials and fabrication strategies for next-generation photovoltaic technologies. Among these, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells owing to their low cost, simple fabrication, flexibility, and excellent performance under diffuse light. However, the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive synthesis routes remains a major challenge to their sustainable commercialization. Green Synthesis of Functional Materials for Sustainable Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells presents a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly approaches for designing high-performance DSSCs through the integration of green chemistry principles. The book highlights the use of plant-derived natural dyes, biodegradable solvents, and green synthesis methods for producing semiconductor photoanodes, with particular emphasis on TiO₂-based nanomaterials. It discusses the influence of phytochemicals on nanoparticle synthesis, morphology, optical and electronic properties, and their impact on photovoltaic performance. Covering recent advances in natural sensitizers, eco-friendly photoanodes, green solvents, and sustainable fabrication techniques, the book provides detailed insights into the characterization and optimization of functional materials using modern analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and photovoltaic measurements. It also critically evaluates the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of green materials in enhancing the efficiency, stability, and environmental compatibility of DSSCs.