Handbook of Pollinators Flora Europea

Pollination is a fundamental ecological process that underpins the reproductive success of the vast majority of flowering plants and ensures the maintenance of biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems. In Europe, the intricate relationships between plants and their pollinators have evolved over millions of years, shaping not only the structure of natural habitats but also the productivity of agricultural systems and the cultural landscapes of the continent.This Handbook of Pollinators of Flora Europea provides a comprehensive and interdisciplinary overview of the pollination ecology of Europe's native plant species. It brings together current scientific knowledge on pollinator diversity, plant-pollinator interactions, floral traits, and pollination mechanisms across a wide range of ecosystems-from boreal forests and alpine meadows to Mediterranean shrublands and urban environments.