Human rights in India: the constitutional and legal framework

The evolution of human rights in India is closely linked to the freedom struggle, during which leaders like Mahatma Gandhi stressed civil liberties, equality, and human dignity while opposing colonial rule. These values deeply influenced the Constituent Assembly, which sought to reconcile individual freedoms with the broader goal of social justice. As a result, human rights found a firm place in the Indian Constitution. The Preamble embodies the ideals of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. Fundamental rights ensure civil and political freedoms, prevent discrimination, and protect citizens from arbitrary state action. The Directive Principles of State Policy guide the State in achieving social and economic justice, while Fundamental Duties highlight citizens' responsibilities toward society and the nation. Indian laws further reinforce human rights protection, especially the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, which led to the creation of National and State Human Rights Commissions. The judiciary plays a vital role through Public Interest Litigation and judicial activism, expanding the meaning and reach of rights.

Pagina's: 92, Paperback, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing