The growing global demand for freshwater, coupled with increasing water scarcity in arid and coastal regions, has intensified interest in sustainable desalination technologies powered by renewable energy. Solar-driven desalination systems, particularly basin-type solar stills, offer a low-cost and environmentally friendly solution for decentralized water production. However, their widespread adoption is limited by relatively low thermal efficiency and modest daily productivity. Recent advances in nanomaterials have opened new opportunities for enhancing photothermal conversion and heat transfer within solar desalination systems.
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