Key Enablers of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are interconnected networks fostering innovation and growth. Professional Services Firms (PSFs) - legal, accounting, consulting, finance - are vital yet underexplored within EEs, reducing information gaps and offering expertise. This study examines PSFs' role in West African EEs (Nigeria, Ghana, Senegal) compared to Silicon Valley, Bangalore, Berlin. Mixed methods (30 interviews, 200 surveys, cross-case analysis) show PSFs as key intermediaries bridging resource gaps, enabling networks, and navigating fintech/ agritech regulations. Findings: West African PSFs blend global practices with local realities (e.g., mobile money), facing infrastructure/elite capture issues. A region-specific PSF orchestration framework aids policymakers in boosting inclusive growth. Comparative cases offer insights for scaling African startups via cross-border PSF partnerships.