Mathematical Models for Epidemiology and Ecology: Modeling

In recent decades, public health and environmental challenges have become increasingly prominent, driven by the persistent spread of infectious diseases and the growing impact of environmental degradation. Epidemics continue to affect a significant portion of the global population each year, leading to serious consequences for human and animal health, as well as for social and economic systems. Simultaneously, environmental pollution-impacting air, water, and soil-has emerged as a critical factor influencing ecosystem stability and public health outcomes. In this context, epidemiology and ecology provide essential frameworks for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease transmission and environmental impacts. These disciplines rely on various analytical tools, including data analysis, monitoring, and evaluation techniques. Among these approaches, mathematical modeling plays a central role in formalizing complex interactions and improving our understanding of population dynamics. A fundamental step in this process is the construction of mathematical models that accurately represent the key factors governing disease spread and ecological interactions.