Measurement of Financial and Tax Literacy: A Comparative Study Governemnt Non-Government Employees in Punjab

The present study examines the levels of financial and tax literacy among government and non-government employees in Punjab and analyzes their relationship with demographic factors such as gender, age, income, education, and work experience. Primary data were collected from 250 employees in Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Chandigarh using a standardized OECD questionnaire. Out of these, 200 valid responses were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA.The findings reveal that government employees possess comparatively higher levels of financial and tax literacy than non-government employees. Most respondents demonstrated average financial literacy and medium tax literacy, indicating a reasonable understanding of financial and taxation concepts. The study also found that demographic variables significantly influence literacy levels.The study recommends strengthening financial and tax education through awareness programs, training workshops, and institutional initiatives. Improved literacy can enhance financial decision-making, tax compliance, personal financial well-being, and contribute to overall economic development and financial inclusion.