Next-Generation Functionally Graded Materials

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are an emerging class of advanced engineering materials with continuously varying composition and properties that provide superior multifunctional performance. By eliminating abrupt interfaces found in conventional composites, FGMs reduce stress concentrations while improving mechanical strength, thermal stability, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and structural reliability. These advantages have led to widespread applications in aerospace, automotive, marine, biomedical, electronics, energy, and advanced manufacturing industries. This book provides a comprehensive overview of FGM technology, covering material selection,design methodologies, computational modeling, fabrication techniques, and microstructural, mechanical, thermal, and corrosion characterization, along with key industrial applications. It also explores emerging developments such as additive manufacturing, Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, digital twin technology, smart materials, and sustainable manufacturing. Written in a clear and systematic manner, it serves as a valuable reference for students, researchers, academicians, scientists, and practicing engineers.