Nuts:: From Composition and Processing to Human Health Diseases

Nuts are nutrient-dense foods rich in unsaturated fats, plant protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and phytosterols. Processing methods like roasting can influence nutrient bioavailability and phytochemical stability. However, processing conditions may also alter lipid oxidation, antioxidant capacity, and the concentration of heat-sensitive compounds. Regular nut consumption is linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and certain cancers due to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic benefits. However, nuts are also major food allergens, with reactions ranging from mild symptoms to severe anaphylaxis. Increasing allergy prevalence highlights the need for improved diagnosis, labeling, and treatment strategies. Overall, nuts offer significant health benefits but require careful management in allergic individuals.