Ocular Manifestations in Orbital Fractures: Clinical Spectrum, Diagnosis and Management

Orbital fractures are among the most common injuries encountered in maxillofacial trauma and frequently involve the delicate structures responsible for vision. While the bony injury itself is important, the associated ocular manifestations often determine the urgency of management and the patient's long-term functional outcome. Ocular injuries may range from relatively benign conditions such as subconjunctival haemorrhage and periorbital ecchymosis to vision-threatening emergencies including globe rupture, retrobulbar haemorrhage, traumatic optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, and orbital compartment syndrome. Early identification of these conditions is essential to preserve vision and prevent permanent disability.This book provides a comprehensive and clinically oriented overview of the ocular manifestations associated with orbital fractures. It explores the relevant orbital anatomy, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, imaging modalities, and evidence-based management of both common and uncommon ocular complications.