Oxford Monographs in International Law Shades of Illegality the Against War

This book explores the prohibition of force in international law, examining frequent violations through a typology of illegality. It introduces the concept of "shades of illegality" to distinguish forms of unlawful force and their effects on legal norms, offering tools to assess the current state of this core principle. The prohibition of force is a cornerstone of the international legal order. Yet, frequent violations raise pressing questions about the resilience of the law. This monograph investigates the complex realities behind these breaches in international law, to facilitate a deeper understanding of how disputes over norms governing the prohibition of the use of force shape-and sometimes strain-the legal order. Introducing the concept of “shades of illegality,” this book develops a typology of illegality that distinguishes between the different forms of illegality and their specific effects on international legal norms and the international legal order in general. These six types of illegality include contested applications of agreed law, emergency-driven violations, and deliberate challenges aimed at reshaping legal norms. By unpacking these categories, the book reveals how different types of illegality exert varied effects on the stability and evolution of international legal frameworks. Shades of Illegality in the Law Against War argues that conflicts over the application and interpretation, formulation, and further development of the law are not pathological, and that illegality can even play a constructive role in the overall functioning of the international order. However, it also warns of the corrosive impact of systemic opposition-where states seek to dismantle core legal principles such as jus contra bellum. Providing nuanced analysis from both a doctrinal and theoretical perspective, this book equips readers with the conceptual tools needed to clarify the role of illegality in the international order and to critically assess the state of the prohibition of force in international law.