Pact Of Umar Ii

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Not to be confused with Covenant of Umar I between the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and Sophronius, the Patriarch of Jerusalem.The Pact (Covenant) of Umar (c. 717 A.D.) was a treaty supposedly made between the Umayyad caliph Umar II (not to be confused with the second caliph Umar who had made the first treaty with Christians in Jerusalem known as "Umari Treaty") and the ahl al-kitab (¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿) ("People of the Book") living on the lands newly conquered and colonized by Muslims. Muslim scholars, and non-Muslim historians have questioned the historicity of the document.The document develops the notion of the dhimma, or "protected person", who kept their religion to accept and submit to some rules.