Pediatric Cancer Therapy and the Oral Cavity: Manifestations in Children Receiving Chemotherapy Radiotherapy

Cancer in children, though uncommon, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Advances in pediatric oncology have improved survival, but treatments like chemotherapy and radiotherapy lead to significant adverse effects. Because developing tissues and immature immunity make the oral cavity highly susceptible, oral complications are among the earliest and most frequent issues during cancer therapy. Common problems include mucositis, xerostomia, candidiasis, viral infections, gingival bleeding, taste changes, and, in cases of head and neck radiation, trismus, enamel defects, and long-term dental developmental anomalies. These conditions can cause pain, feeding difficulties, infections, and poor compliance with treatment. In many settings-especially in developing countries-oral health is often overlooked due to limited awareness and dental integration in oncology care. Pediatric dentists play a crucial role through preventive assessments, management during therapy, and long-term rehabilitation. Understanding these oral manifestations is essential for improving quality of life, establishing protocols, and supporting survivorship in pediatric cancer patients.