PERI IMPLANT TISSUES IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: FROM INTEGRATION TO INFLAMMATION

Peri-implant tissues comprise of soft and hard structures-mucosa and alveolar bone-that surround a functional dental implant. Unlike the periodontium of natural teeth, this tissue lacks a periodontal ligament and features collagen fibers aligned parallel to the implant surface, creating a less vascularized "biologic seal."In health, the mucosa remains firm and pink, characterized by the absence of bleeding on probing and no radiographic bone loss beyond initial physiological remodeling.Peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced inflammatory conditions. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible inflammation of the soft tissues, while peri-implantitis involves progressive, irreversible loss of supporting bone. Effective management relies on early detection, rigorous biofilm control, and addressing risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, and a history of periodontitis to ensure long-term implant success. Peri-implantitis management involves early diagnosis, mechanical debridement, antiseptics, and local antibiotics in mild cases. Moderate to severe cases require surgical access, implant surface decontamination, and either resective or regenerative procedures with grafts and membranes.

Pagina's: 152, Paperback, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing