Photocatalysis for Ciprofloxacin Removal: Fundamentals, Materials, and Environmental Perspectives: Mechanisms, Recent Advances, Sustainable Water Remediation

The increasing presence of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aquatic environments has emerged as a major environmental concern due to its persistence, poor biodegradability, and contribution to antibiotic resistance. This book presents a comprehensive overview of advanced photocatalytic technologies developed for the efficient degradation of CIP from wastewater. It covers the fundamentals of photocatalytic degradation, reaction mechanisms, and the latest advances in TiO₂-, ZnO-, graphene-, heterojunction-, Z-scheme-, and doped photocatalysts, along with their synthesis, performance, and degradation pathways. The book also provides a comparative analysis of conventional and biological photocatalytic systems, highlighting their advantages, limitations, environmental impact, and practical applications. Addressing current challenges and future prospects, this volume explores sustainable photocatalyst design, solar-driven processes, and integrated treatment strategies for effective pharmaceutical wastewater remediation. Designed for researchers, graduate students, environmental scientists, chemists, and engineers, this book serves as a valuable reference for advancing sustainable water treatment technologies and combating emerging pharmaceutical pollutants.