Photovoltaic Thermal System Integration for Low Energy Buildings: Performance study of PVT Façades integrated with Direct-Expansion Heat Pumps

This book presents an innovative active opaque ventilated façade system integrating a Rectangular Box Photovoltaic Thermal (RB-PVT) evaporator with an air chamber to achieve tri-generation-simultaneous production of electricity, hot water, and cooled fresh air. Unlike conventional RB-PVT heat pump systems, the proposed design enhances energy utilization by cooling PVT panels, producing hot water, and actively cooling ambient air. Experimental results show electrical efficiencies of 8.3%, 11.5%, and 14% on September 30, October 1, and October 2, respectively, with an average power output of 230 W and efficiency of 8%. The average coefficients of performance (COP) during water heating cycles were 4.41 and 4.24, with fan and compressor power consumptions of 0.02 kW and 0.78 kW. Developed through collaboration between Dalian University of Technology (China) and the University of Engineering and Technology (Pakistan), the project supports Pakistan's renewable energy goals by promoting solar PVT integration for sustainable, low-energy buildings.