Quality Analysis and Risk Assessment of Asmara City Drinking Water

This book presents a comprehensive assessment of the drinking water quality of Asmara, the capital of Eritrea. As the first study of its kind in the country, it investigates bacteriological contamination, physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments, and the associated public health risks.Eighty-eight samples were collected from source reservoirs, treatment plants, and consumer taps between 2014 and 2015. While most physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations were found to be within WHO guideline limits, significant fecal coliform contamination was detected, particularly within the distribution system.Risk-based assessments further indicated that hypothetical long-term exposure to certain heavy metals could pose future health concerns. The findings emphasize the urgent need for improved water treatment systems, regular monitoring, and strengthened infrastructure management to ensure safe, reliable, and sustainable drinking water for the residents of Asmara.

Pagina's: 132, Paperback, LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing