Rating Agencies And Their Credit Ratings

The Rating Agencies and Their Credit Ratings: What They Are, How They Work, and Why They Are Relevant is a guide to ratings, the ratings industry, and the mechanics and economics of obtaining a rating. The book sheds light on the role that the agencies play in the international financial markets. Credit ratings have become a universal phenomenon throughout the capital markets, relied upon by investors, issuers and regulators alike. Issuers understand the fundamental effect of their rating on financing costs, and investors make buying (and selling) decisions based heavily on these scores. Regulators have incorporated credit ratings into everything from allowable investment alternatives for institutional investors to required capital for global banking firms. Credit rating agencies and their output are vital in overcoming the information asymmetries of the capital market. The Rating Agencies and their Credit Ratings is a comprehensive explanation of what they are, how they function and why they are relevant, addressing a broad range of issues from the credit rating process and the performance of credit ratings, to the nature of competition in the credit rating industry and its regulation. The book is organised into three distinct sections. Part A provides an introduction to credit ratings, their broad and diverse applications, and describes the credit rating process. Part B focuses on credit rating analysis, providing analysis of how rating actions and inactions interact with the market. Finally, Part C examines the credit rating industry, explaining where it comes from, what its main characteristics are, how the main players compete, and what results it produces for issuers, investors and shareholders. Written by experienced Professors Herwig Langohr and Patricia Langohr, this book provides a unique and exhaustive introduction to credit ratings, developing the reader’s understanding of credit ratings and the credit rating agencies that produce them. It combines breadth of perspective, substantiation of arguments and depth in reflection, provided by the analysis of extensive field interviews, academic research, rating agency data and regulatory hearings and testimony. Credit rating agencies play a critical role in capital markets, guiding the asset allocation of institutional investors as private capital moves freely around the world in search of the best trade-off between risk and return. However, they have also been strongly criticised for failing to spot the Asian crisis in the early 1990s, the Enron, WorldCom and Parmalat collapses in the early 2000s and finally for their ratings of subprime-related structured finance instruments and their role in the current financial crisis. This book is a guide to ratings, the ratings industry and the mechanics and economics of obtaining a rating. It sheds light on the role that the agencies play in the international financial markets. It avoids the sensationalist approach often associated with studies of rating scandals and the financial crisis, and instead provides an objective and critical analysis of the business of ratings. The book will be of practical use to any individual who has to deal with ratings and the ratings industry in their day-to-day job. Reviews "Rating agencies fulfil an important role in the capital markets, but given their power, they are frequently the object of criticism. Some of it is justified but most of it portrays a lack of understanding of their business. In their book The Rating Agencies and their Credit Ratings, Herwig and Patricia Langohr provide an excellent economic background to the role of rating agencies and also a thorough understanding of their business and the problems they face. I recommend this book to all those who have an interest in this somewhat arcane but extremely important area." -Robin Monro-Davies, Former CEO, Fitch Ratings. "At a time of unprecedented public and political scrutiny of the effectiveness and indeed the basic business model of the Credit Rating industry, and heightened concerns regarding the transparency and accountability of the leading agencies, this book provides a commendably comprehensive overview, and should provide invaluable assistance in the ongoing debate." -Rupert Atkinson, Managing Director, Head of Credit Advisory Group, Morgan Stanley and member of the SIFMA Rating Agency Task Force "The Langohrs have provided useful information in a field where one frequently finds only opinions or misconceptions. They supply a firm base from which to understand changes now underway. A well-read copy of this monograph should be close to the desk of every investor, issuer and financial regulator, legislator or commentator." -John Grout, Policy and Technical Director, The Association of Corporate Treasurers