Social Mobility and Inequality in Latin America the Caribbean

Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) face deep challenges related to social mobility and inequality, largely driven by persistent gaps in education and skills. While the region has made progress in expanding access to primary education, it remains one of the world's most unequal regions. Education is critical for social inclusion, yet persistent gaps in quality exacerbate inequality, limiting upward mobility. Data from PISA 2022 reveals significant underperformance: approximately three out of four 15-year-olds in LAC do not meet minimum proficiency in mathematics (Level 2). Crucially, even socio-economically advantaged LAC students score below disadvantaged OECD students, suggesting insufficient system quality. PIAAC data further confirms widespread skills deficiencies among adults, often leading to low-quality, informal sector jobs, restricting social mobility. To foster inclusive growth, policymakers must address low educational attainment at secondary and tertiary levels. Increased and strategically targeted investment in high-quality, equitable education is essential. Strengthening Vocational Education and Training (VET) and lifelong learning is also key to bridging the skills gap and building an adaptable workforce.