Social Roots of Violent Extremism: Pathways and Trends in Europe

In these environments, individuals - often from disadvantaged or immigrant backgrounds - rebuild their identities through extremism, finding a sense of belonging in radical, and sometimes violent ideas that are easily accessible online. This volume examines the environments that enable radicalization and extremism today, drawing from extensive European research, based on the Horizon 2020 project PARTICIPATION. Examining theoretical and practical studies, the book analyzes how the erosion of institutional integration, social participation, and political stability among marginalized groups can lead to feelings of deprivation, alienation, and self-victimization. In these environments, individuals - often from disadvantaged or immigrant backgrounds - rebuild their identities through extremism, finding a sense of belonging in radical, and sometimes violent ideas that are easily accessible online. The book further sheds light on this paradox of modern extremism: while extremists embrace technological tools like digital platforms, they reject core modern values such as personal freedom and cultural diversity. This volume argues for innovative approaches to radicalization, emphasizing prevention through the creation of inclusive social environments and critical dialogue on the role of digital technology in radical movements.