Spectrum: Electromagnetic Warfare, Cyber Operations and the Conduct of Modern War

A jammer, a cyber operation and an intercept can reach the same system by different routes. They contest the same frequencies, the same signals, the same networks. They may belong to different organisations, and they come from different histories.Spectrum argues that the electromagnetic spectrum is not a support function but the precondition for modern military power. Forces are not platforms but systems held together by connections, and the connections can be taken away. A weapon can be intact, its crew trained and its orders correct, and still fail, because something it depends on is no longer reaching it.Drawing on Ukraine and four other recent conflicts, and on doctrine from Washington, Brussels and London, this book reads the convergence of electromagnetic warfare, cyber operations and signals intelligence as one contest fought over one resource.