Teaching ESP in 21st century: Materials, Methods, and Classroom Practice

This book explores English for Specific Purposes (ESP) as a dynamic, needs-based approach to language teaching that responds to the academic and professional demands of learners. It provides a comprehensive overview of ESP, moving from its theoretical foundations and key characteristics to practical considerations of materials use, adaptation, and design. A central focus of the book is the role of teaching materials, particularly textbooks, and their effectiveness in supporting discipline-specific communication. In addition, the book emphasizes the importance of teacher agency, highlighting how educators adapt, supplement, and create materials to better meet learners' needs. It also addresses contemporary developments in ESP, including the integration of digital tools, artificial intelligence, personalized learning, and hybrid materials that combine traditional and innovative approaches. By bridging theory and practice, the book offers both conceptual insights and practical guidance for ESP practitioners. It ultimately argues for a flexible, context-sensitive, and pedagogically grounded approach to ESP teaching, in which materials serve as adaptable resources.