the Intergovernmental Conference as an Institutional Model of Multilateral Diplomacy European Union (19502024): How are Founding and Revision Treaties in EU Created?

This monograph reconstructs the dynamics of treaty changes in 1950-2014 and presents the prospects for EU treaty reform after Russia's aggression against Ukraine in 2022. It also assesses treaty reforms in the European Communities and the EU in 1950-2024 and identifies which member states had the greatest impact on these reforms. The Intergovernmental Conference is a legal instrument for negotiating founding and amending treaties in the European Union. The monograph has four research objectives. The first is to reconstruct the dynamics of the Treaty changes in 1950-2024 and to present the prospects for EU Treaty reform after Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The second is to identify which Member States had the greatest influence on the Treaty reforms. Thirdly, it defines a new typology of intergovernmental conferences. The fourth is to evaluate the system reforms in the European Communities and in the EU in 1950-2024. Three theses were formulated for the book: (1) The IGC has become an institutional model of multilateral diplomacy of the EU; (2) The treaty law reforms have been the scene of numerous controversies between supporters of supranational and intergovernmental solutions; (3) The IGCs, as a forum for the participating States to play their national interests, were very often doomed to make difficult compromises.