the Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis): Crisis Biology in 21st Century: 254

The captive breeding and reintroduction of highly threatened species are among the most challenging conservation interventions and often represent the final tool in a comparatively small toolbox to conserve rapidly declining species. The captive breeding and reintroduction of highly threatened species are among the most challenging conservation interventions and often represent the final tool in a comparatively small toolbox to conserve rapidly declining species. This book details the species recovery program that was designed and implemented over two decades to conserve the Kihansi Spray Toad (Nectophrynoides asperginis), an extinct-in-the-wild tropical amphibian. More than 20 international and national institutions were involved in the design and implementation of the species recovery program. This complex two-decade effort highlights the challenges of conserving highly threatened tropical amphibians and integrating conservation with development in the 21st century. This volume will appeal to biologists, conservation and development practitioners, and institutions and individuals concerned about the conservation of biodiversity.