The Peruvian criminal process: An accusatory model-with adversarial, rights-based, or hybrid characteristics?

Criminal proceedings are understood as the set of formal acts through which the courts apply legal norms to a specific case, culminating in a judicial decision. In this context, the current adversarial system elevates adherence to procedural principles to its highest degree, ensuring the system's internal consistency and legitimacy.For the State's punitive right (ius puniendi) to achieve its objective legitimately, it is imperative that the evaluation of evidence be conducted with a high degree of objectivity. It is not enough for the evidence presented to be valid; it must also be effective and reliable. Consequently, judges must exercise sound judgment, adhering to the principles of logical and psychological reasoning to adequately justify their rulings and avoid arbitrariness.