the Workless: Stigma, Unpaid Labour and Myth of Economic Inactivity

Drawing on theories of stigma and symbolic annihilation, James Morrison shows how political and media narratives cast ‘the workless’ as a social problem, narrowly defining work as paid employment while dismissing the substantial unpaid labour many ‘inactive’ people perform. Informal caregiving, volunteering, and managing long-term illness or disability are made invisible within neoliberal frameworks that equate worth with wages. 'This book offers an extremely timely account through the longstanding controversy surrounding dubious notions such as the "deserving" and "undeserving" poor. The Workless challenges many of the underlying assumptions made by opinionated protagonists involved in this debate, not least the common belief that the cash poor are necessarily also among the most time rich. Far from being the "shirkers" of former Chancellor George Osborne’s imagination, James Morrison demonstrates that many of those misrepresented in this way are in fact "strivers" contributing to society through supporting themselves, their families and the communities in which they live.' Dominic Wring, Professor of Political Communication, Loughborough University 'This incisive and meticulously researched book cuts through the misinformation and confusion that dominates contemporary public debates about worklessness and economic inactivity. A must-read for those interested in how the media and political elites have maligned and stigmatised some of Britain’s most vulnerable citizens' Dr Mike Berry, Cardiff University School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies James Morrison is an associate professor in journalism studies at the University of Stirling, Scotland, whose research focuses on the interplay between media and political discourses, social attitudes and the lived experiences of people from marginalized groups. He is a former journalist and the author of several previous books, including Scroungers: Moral Panics and Media Myths and The Left Behind: Reimagining Britain's Socially Excluded. This book critically analyses historical and contemporary discourses around worklessness, economic inactivity and the factors that contribute to people withdrawing from the conventional labour market. In analysing popular portrayals of 'the workless', the book draws heavily on the sociological theories of stigma and symbolic annihilation, and conceives of the contemporary narrative about the UK's 'crisis' in economic inactivity as the latest in a continuum of periodic moral panics about worklessness. A key argument is that neoliberal definitions of 'work' and 'worklessness' are too narrow, and deny - and render invisible - the importance of various forms of unpaid labour performed by many people classified as 'inactive', notably informal caregiving and volunteering. Methodologically, it combines analysis of historical and contemporary media and political narratives around 'worklessness' and factors that limit individuals' capacity for conventional paid work - from disability and long-term illness to caring responsibilities - with interviews with people who have lived experience of 'economic inactivity'. The scope of analysis encompasses critical discourse analysis of print and online newspaper articles from across the UK national and regional press; 'below-the-line' comments posted by audience-members beneath articles; and verbatim records of debates and speeches focusing on economic inactivity in the UK Parliament. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals classified as economically inactive. These were subjected to thematic analysis. Contrasting popular narratives with the lived experiences of ‘inactive’ people, it questions the validity of dominant stereotypes and the wider efficacy of policies designed to address ‘worklessness’