Trump and The Remaking of American Grand Strategy: Shift from Open Door Globalism to Economic Nationalism

This book offers a comprehensive explanatory account of Trump's foreign policy by assessing its nature, determining the extent to which it broke with the policy of preceding presidencies, and explaining how this shift came about. “A brilliant, impeccably researched must-read analysis of the shifting tectonic plates of American power.” — Inderjeet Parmar, Professor of International Politics, City University of London, UK This book offers a comprehensive explanatory account of Trump’s foreign policy by assessing its nature, determining the extent to which it broke with the policy of preceding presidencies, and explaining this shift’s genesis. We argue that Trump has succeeded in remaking America’s grand strategy by unmaking its long-standing strategy of what we call Open Door Globalism, a strategy of economic expansionism through the promotion of open markets globally and its institutionalization into a US-led liberal world order. Trump has broken with Open Door Globalism in probably lasting ways by adopting an outlook and strategy of neo mercantilist economic nationalism based upon an ‘America First’ redefinition of US sovereignty and national interests. Explaining this Trumpian shift in US foreign policy we focus on the social sources of Trump’s foreign policy-making elite’s agency, analysing its embeddedness in elite networks and within the changing global and domestic context. The latter, coupled with a crisis of established elite power, also indicates why Biden has not returned to Open Door Globalism but doubled down on aspects of the Trumpian economic nationalist break. Bastiaan van Apeldoorn is Professor of Global Political Economy and Geopoliticsat the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He is the author of several books, edited volumes and articles in journals like International Affairs, European Journal of International Relations, Journal of European Public Policy, New Political Economy, Globalizations and Global Networks. Jaša Veselinovič is a PhD Researcher in Political Science at the Berlin Graduate School for Global and Transregional Studies, SCRIPTS, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. Naná de Graaff is Associate Professor in International Relations at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands. She is the author of several books, edited volumes and articles in journals like International Affairs, Review of International Political Economy, European Journal of International Relations, and Global Networks. De Graaff chairs the EU-COST China in Europe Research Network. This book offers a comprehensive explanatory account of Trump's foreign policy by assessing its nature, determining the extent to which it broke with the policy of preceding presidencies, and explaining how this shift came about. We argue that Trump has succeeded in remaking America’s grand strategy by unmaking its long-standing strategy of what we call Open Door Globalism, a strategy of economic expansionism through the promotion of open markets across the globe and its institutionalization into a US-led liberal world order. Trump has broken with Open Door Globalism in probably lasting ways by adopting an outlook and strategy of neo-mercantilist economic nationalism based upon an ‘America First’ redefinition of US sovereignty and national interests. We explain this Trumpian shift in US foreign policy by focusing on the social sources of Trump’s foreign policy-making elite’s agency, analysing it both in terms of foreign policy-makers’ embeddedness in elite networks and within the changing global and domestic context. The latter, coupled with a crisis of established elite power, also indicates why Biden has not returned to Open Door Globalism but doubled down on some aspects of the Trumpian economic nationalist break.