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Trust is the Coin of Realm: Lessons from Money Men in Afghanistan
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For most of the world's population, the bank is not a building. It is a person - someone known, trusted, and answerable to a community that would know if they failed.Trust is the Coin of the Realm is the product of years of fieldwork among Afghanistan's hawala dealers: the money men who moved vast sums across a country with almost no functioning formal banking sector, and who kept aid organisations, businesses and ordinary families solvent through war, sanctions and collapse.In the decade after 9/11, hawala was widely cast as the shadow banking system of terrorism - opaque, unaccountable, ripe for shutting down. Edwina Thompson's research tells a different story. Drawing on sustained access to merchants across Afghanistan and the wider region, she reconstructs a system that predates Islam itself and that runs not on paperwork but on reputation: a dense web of obligation in which trust is the collateral, and the price of breaking it is exclusion from the market for life.The book shows how deeply the international community came to depend on the very system it was trying to dismantle. Governments, UN agencies and NGOs used hawala to pay staff and deliver relief where no wire transfer could reach, while regulators designed counter-terrorist financing rules with little grasp of how the system actually worked - or of what would fill the vacuum if it disappeared.The argument reaches well beyond Afghanistan. Wherever formal finance retreats - in conflict zones, under sanctions, after state collapse - informal systems take its place. Understanding them is a precondition for anyone serious about humanitarian access, financial inclusion, or building institutions that hold.This edition reissues the 2011 Oxford University Press text in full, with a new preface and a new appendix.
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For most of the world's population, the bank is not a building. It is a person - someone known, trusted, and answerable to a community that would know if they failed.Trust is the Coin of the Realm is the product of years of fieldwork among Afghanistan's hawala dealers: the money men who moved vast sums across a country with almost no functioning formal banking sector, and who kept aid organisations, businesses and ordinary families solvent through war, sanctions and collapse.In the decade after 9/11, hawala was widely cast as the shadow banking system of terrorism - opaque, unaccountable, ripe for shutting down. Edwina Thompson's research tells a different story. Drawing on sustained access to merchants across Afghanistan and the wider region, she reconstructs a system that predates Islam itself and that runs not on paperwork but on reputation: a dense web of obligation in which trust is the collateral, and the price of breaking it is exclusion from the market for life.The book shows how deeply the international community came to depend on the very system it was trying to dismantle. Governments, UN agencies and NGOs used hawala to pay staff and deliver relief where no wire transfer could reach, while regulators designed counter-terrorist financing rules with little grasp of how the system actually worked - or of what would fill the vacuum if it disappeared.The argument reaches well beyond Afghanistan. Wherever formal finance retreats - in conflict zones, under sanctions, after state collapse - informal systems take its place. Understanding them is a precondition for anyone serious about humanitarian access, financial inclusion, or building institutions that hold.This edition reissues the 2011 Oxford University Press text in full, with a new preface and a new appendix.
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