Understanding Science with Large Language Models?: Potentials for the History, Philosophy, and Sociology of

How do LLMs change research about science, and create new insights and challenges for the humanities, social sciences, and AI? How are large language models (LLMs) changing research in the history, philosophy, and sociology of science (HPSS)? The contributors to this volume show how these tools open new possibilities for interpretative scholarship while posing fresh challenges for fields that thrive on qualitative methods, nuance, and historical depth. In essays, dialogues, and provocations, they capture a field in motion at a pivotal moment, driven by the rise of AI. These insights speak not only to HPSS scholars but also to readers across the humanities, social sciences, and AI-related fields, positioning HPSS as a bridge for understanding and shaping how LLMs enter research and society.