urban disorder in the city of N'Djamena, Chad: Analysis factors determining disorderin N'Djamena

Urban disorder thus refers to the overcrowding, insecurity, pollution and lack of governance from which many cities suffer. This study aims to analyse the key factors contributing to urban disorder in the city of N'Djamena, and to propose solutions. The literature review is supplemented by empirical data collected from 886 stakeholders. The analysis of this qualitative and quantitative data is presented in the form of maps, photographs, charts and other figures. The study concludes that the causes of urban disorder stem primarily from poor planning and a lack of authority, rapid population growth, ignorance and a lack of civic-mindedness. The study reveals that respondents complain about the lack of enforceability of legal frameworks, the lack of dedicated spaces for their activities, strategic positioning, illiteracy and a lack of civic-mindedness.